Fiber optics is the transmission of information in the form of light that repeatedly bounces off its glass cable walls. The light stays within the cable due to its structure, which is divided into two separate components. The core is the centre of the cable and the component where the light travels through. The core is enclosed in another layer of glass called the cladding. The cladding’s function is to keep the light signal inside the core.

Fiber optics offers several advantages over traditional long distance copper cabling. They are able to host a higher capacity of information since light can travel much longer distances without losing strength. It is less susceptible to interference whereas a traditional cable requires special shielding to protect it from electromagnetic interference. The physical properties of glass and fiber cables avoid most of these issues.